Animal studies show effects on tendon, ligament, gut mucosa, bone, and muscle. Human data limited to small pilot studies. Oral arginate form is specifically engineered to survive gastric acid.

Synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4. No published human RCT validates these doses. Community dosing derives largely from equine veterinary research extrapolation.

CJC-1295 without DAC (Mod GRF 1-29): ~30-min half-life. Injected together with Ipamorelin to produce a synchronized GH pulse. CJC-1295 with DAC: 6–8 day half-life. Dosed once weekly, independent of Ipamorelin timing. These are not interchangeable protocols.

Ipamorelin (GHSR agonist) + CJC no-DAC (GHRH mimic) produce a robust synchronized GH pulse. Ipamorelin is selective and does not significantly raise cortisol or prolactin at standard doses, unlike GHRP-6 or Hexarelin.

Produces sustained baseline GH/IGF-1 elevation rather than discrete pulses. Human Phase II data confirmed significant GH and IGF-1 increases at 1–2 mg doses. Some prefer CJC no-DAC + Ipamorelin for a more physiologically pulsatile pattern.

Potent GH secretagogue with minimal appetite stimulation (unlike GHRP-6). May mildly elevate cortisol and prolactin at high doses. Typically stacked with a GHRH analogue (CJC no-DAC) for synergistic GH pulse amplification.

Strong GH secretagogue and potent appetite stimulant via ghrelin receptor activation. Preferred for mass gain phases; counterproductive for fat loss goals. Raises cortisol and prolactin more than Ipamorelin or GHRP-2.

Most potent GHRP. Human studies confirmed dose-dependent GH release and also cardioprotective effects independent of GH. Shorter cycles mandatory due to faster GHS-R downregulation.

Increases BDNF and promotes NGF synthesis. Registered drug in Russia and Ukraine. Intranasal absorption reaches CNS within minutes. Verify solution concentration: 1% is 10x stronger than 0.1%.

Modulates GABAergic activity, IL-6, serotonin, and enkephalin pathways. Registered drug in Russia. Considered non-sedating and non-addictive. Often stacked with Semax for cognitive + anxiolytic combination.

Developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation. Human studies (Khavinson et al.) showed melatonin normalization, telomere elongation in cell studies, and one 12-year longitudinal cohort reporting reduced cancer incidence — no placebo-controlled human RCT has been completed. Mechanism: proposed epigenetic activation of the hTERT promoter; independently replicated in vitro at Brunel University (2025).

Works centrally via hypothalamic melanocortin receptors — unlike PDE5 inhibitors which act peripherally. Effective in both men and women. Nausea affects ~40% at 1.75 mg; starting at 0.5 mg reduces this.

Strong GHRH analogue with robust RCT data for visceral fat reduction. IGF-1 should be monitored during use. Longer half-life than Mod GRF 1-29.

Naturally present in human plasma; declines with age. Research shows upregulation of collagen synthesis, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory genes. Well-validated topically. SubQ human dosing data is limited to community extrapolation.

Thymalfasin (brand: Zadaxin) approved in 35+ countries for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and immune adjuvant use. Enhances T-cell maturation and NK cell activity. Used clinically during chemotherapy to reduce immunosuppression. 1.6 mg twice-weekly is the most validated human dose.

Activates MC1R (pigmentation), MC3R and MC4R (sexual arousal, appetite suppression). Not approved for human use anywhere. Spontaneous erections common in men at higher doses. Nausea and facial flushing are typical side effects.

C-terminal fragment of HGH (residues 176–191) responsible for fat metabolism. Does not raise IGF-1 or bind the full GH receptor. Completed Phase IIb trials for obesity; the largest trial (536 subjects, 24 weeks) found no statistically significant weight-loss difference vs. placebo, and development was discontinued in 2007. Has FDA GRAS designation as a food ingredient at low doses.

LR3 modification extends half-life from ~15 min (native IGF-1) to ~20–30 hours by reducing IGF-binding protein affinity. Promotes muscle satellite cell proliferation. Off-cycles are essential to avoid significant receptor desensitization.

Targets cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, improving electron transport chain efficiency and reducing oxidative stress. Human trials ongoing for heart failure, Barth syndrome, and age-related mitochondrial decline.